Probabilities for Rolling Three Dice

Dice provide great illustrations for concepts in probability. The most commonly used dice are cubes with six sides. Here, we will see how to calculate probabilities for rolling three standard dice. It is a relatively standard problem to calculate the probability of the sum obtained by rolling two dice. There are a total of 36 different rolls with two dice, with any sum from 2 to 12 possible. How does the problem change if we add more dice? Possible Outcomes and Sums Just as one die has six outcomes and two dice have 62 36 outcomes, the probability experiment of rolling three dice has 63 216 outcomes. This idea generalizes further for more dice. If we roll n dice then there are 6n outcomes. We can also consider the possible sums from rolling several dice. The smallest possible sum occurs when all of the dice are the smallest, or one each. This gives a sum of three when we are rolling three dice. The greatest number on a die is six, which means that the greatest possible sum occurs when all three dice are sixes. The sum of this situation is 18. When n dice are rolled, the least possible sum is n and the greatest possible sum is 6n. There is one possible way three dice can total 33 ways for 46 for 510 for 615 for 721 for 825 for 927 for 1027 for 1125 for 1221 for 1315 for 1410 for 156 for 163 for 171 for 18 Forming Sums As discussed above, for three dice the possible sums include every number from three to 18. The probabilities can be calculated by using counting strategies and recognizing that we are looking for ways to partition a number into exactly three whole numbers. For example, the only way to obtain a sum of three is 3 1 1 1. Since each die is independent from the others, a sum such as four can be obtained in three different ways: 1 1 21 2 12 1 1 Further counting arguments can be used to find the number of ways of forming the other sums. The partitions for each sum follow: 3 1 1 14 1 1 25 1 1 3 2 2 16 1 1 4 1 2 3 2 2 27 1 1 5 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 48 1 1 6 2 3 3 4 3 1 1 2 5 2 2 49 6 2 1 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 5 1 3 5 1 4 410 6 3 1 6 2 2 5 3 2 4 4 2 4 3 3 1 4 511 6 4 1 1 5 5 5 4 2 3 3 5 4 3 4 6 3 212 6 5 1 4 3 5 4 4 4 5 2 5 6 4 2 6 3 313 6 6 1 5 4 4 3 4 6 6 5 2 5 5 314 6 6 2 5 5 4 4 4 6 6 5 315 6 6 3 6 5 4 5 5 516 6 6 4 5 5 617 6 6 518 6 6 6 When three different numbers form the partition, such as 7 1 2 4, there are 3!  (3x2x1) different ways of permuting these numbers. So this would count toward three outcomes in the sample space. When two different numbers form the partition, then there are three different ways of permuting these numbers. Specific Probabilities We divide the total number of ways to obtain each sum by the total number of outcomes in the sample space, or 216. The results are: Probability of a sum of 3: 1/216 0.5%Probability of a sum of 4: 3/216 1.4%Probability of a sum of 5: 6/216 2.8%Probability of a sum of 6: 10/216 4.6%Probability of a sum of 7: 15/216 7.0%Probability of a sum of 8: 21/216 9.7%Probability of a sum of 9: 25/216 11.6%Probability of a sum of 10: 27/216 12.5%Probability of a sum of 11: 27/216 12.5%Probability of a sum of 12: 25/216 11.6%Probability of a sum of 13: 21/216 9.7%Probability of a sum of 14: 15/216 7.0%Probability of a sum of 15: 10/216 4.6%Probability of a sum of 16: 6/216 2.8%Probability of a sum of 17: 3/216 1.4%Probability of a sum of 18: 1/216 0.5% As can be seen, the extreme values of 3 and 18 are least probable. The sums that are exactly in the middle are the most probable. This corresponds to what was observed when two dice were rolled.

French New Wave and Poetic Realism Essay - 1120 Words

Since the very first actualities from the Lumià ¨re brothers and the fantastical shorts of Maries Georges Jean Mà ©lià ¨s, cinema has continually fulfilled its fundamental purpose of artistic reflection on societal contexts throughout the evolution of film. Two French cinematic movements, Poetic Realism (1934-1940) and French New Wave (1950-1970), serve as historical bookends to World War II, one of the most traumatic events in world history. The Rules of the Game (Jean Renoir, 1939) is a classic example of French Poetic realism that depicts the disillusionment in society and government politics by a generation already traumatized by the monumental loss of human life during the First World War. Breathless (Jean Luc Godard, 1960), one of Jean†¦show more content†¦Renoir exemplifies what Andre Bazin refers to as a director with faith in reality. In his essay â€Å"Evolution of the Language of Cinema†, Bazin contrasts the heavy editing and choppy style of the Soviet m ontage tradition with Renoir who â€Å"uncovered the secret of a film form that would permit everything to be said without chopping the world up into little fragments, that would reveal the hidden meaning in people and things without disturbing the unity natural to them† (38). Realism, in this sense, means showing long continuous shots without manipulation through editing and cross cutting--- to tell a story in the same form as if it were unfolding in the real world. Renoir plays with the idea of the formative and imaginary â€Å"farce† of the societal world by staging these formative traditions within the editing conventions of realism. This integration of a lyrical and poetic story within the poignant critique of a dark reality can be seen during the hunting scene, which intersperses documentary style footage of animals throughout. 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Analysis of Prices of Holden Commodore from Queensland State

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Prices of Holden Commodore (6 cylinders) from Queensland State. Answer: Introduction I understand that you wish to purchase a 2 to 3-year-old car. Hence, I have analysed the prices of Holden Commodore (6 cylinders) from Queensland State. Primarily the data consisted of the Age of the cars, Odometers, transmission, type of seller and colour and price of the cars. Since, you wished to purchase a car of 2 to 3-year-old car hence the prices of older and newer cars have not been analysed. Prices of other cars from different states were also collected. I have analysed only sample 7. There were a total of 40 cars which were 2 to 3-year-old car. Distribution of the price range of the cars shows that the maximum number of cars are in the range of $24500 26700 (figure 1). In addition, the prices of the cars is normally distributed. The average prices of cars is $25,710 with a standard deviation of $3,962. The minimum and maximum price of the cars is $17,900 and $32,990. Hence, the car prices have a range of $15,090. Further, the analysis of the data shows that 25% of the cars which are 2 to 3-years old have a price below or equal to $22,987. Similarly, 25% of the cars have a price are more than or equal to $28,840. in addition, 50% of the cars are below $25,990. The mean prices of the cars is below the median price. Moreover, from the analysis it is found that the minimum and maximum price of a 2-year-old car is $18,500 and $32,990 respectively. The average price of a 2-year-old car is $27,636. All 2-year-old cars have an automatic transmission and are sold by a dealer. Further, the analysis shows that the minimum and maximum price of a 3-year-old car is $17,900 and $28,990 respectively. The average price of a 3-year-old car is $23,105. The minimum and maximum prices of 3-year-old cars with automatic transmission are $17,900 and $28,990 respectively. The average price of an automatic transmission 3-year-old car is $22,833. The minimum and maximum prices of 3-year-old cars with manual transmission are $21,500 and $28,790 respectively. The average price of manual transmission 3-year-old car is $25,145. Figure 1: Distribution of the price Range Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of the prices of Cars Descriptive Statistics Mean $ 25,710 Standard Deviation $ 3,962 Minimum $ 17,900 Maximum $ 32,990 Range $ 15,090 Median $ 25,990 1st Quartile $ 22,987 3rd Quartile $ 28,840 IQR $ 5,853 Skewness -0.21 Sum $10,28,410 Count 40 Cars Min Max Average 2 18500 32990 27636 Automatic 18500 32990 27636 Dealer 18500 32990 27636 No 23800 31995 27552 Yes 18500 32990 27766 3 17900 28990 23105 Automatic 17900 28990 22833 Dealer 18250 28990 23217 No 19895 26988 22830 Yes 18250 28990 23758 Private 17900 24000 21300 No 22000 24000 23000 Yes 17900 17900 17900 Manual 21500 28790 25145 Dealer 21500 28790 25145 No 21500 21500 21500 Yes 28790 28790 28790 Grand Total 17900 32990 25710.25

Extempo Speech Essay Example

Extempo Speech Essay As student, explain the value and relevance of this years theme In our present time. There is no greater solution to whats happening in our country today than to be united in one cause. The fact that we are gathered together in this great hall with the hope alleviating and educating ourselves on disaster risk management and reduction is a part of that solution. I may be young and innocent but innocence is different from ignorance. There is no valid point in arguing whether one contestant in this competition excels the most, the fact that we are here today, to stand before you all and give our speech on how to mitigate disasters is a win-win solution not Just for myself or everyone around here but for our community. In the recent years, our country has been plagued by typhoons, earthquakes, and other natural hazards. But it Is Important to keep In mind that disasters are not natural, they only occur when people lack preparedness or the ability to cope with hazards. We will write a custom essay sample on Extempo Speech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Extempo Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Extempo Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the united Nations, disasters Imposed large humanitarian and developmental challenges, the frequency and severity of disasters increased over the last few years due to climate change. According to them, 226 Million people are affected by these hazards every year and in 2000-2010 almost 680,000 people died on earthquakes due to poorly constructed buildings. Now, these facts merely illustrated the difference between vulnerability and our capacity to cope if these tragedies happened. According to I-IN, a school in Japan saved hundreds of students merely because their alluding was constructed to withstand the most tragic disaster to hit the country in 2011. These are but an evidence of how knowledge on disaster preparedness Is able to minimize the damage a natural hazard can cause. This years theme on National Disaster Consciousness Month explained that without disaster preparedness and the awareness of disaster prevention one society cannot simply move on or better yet progress. According to the National government in 2005 alone typhoons cost $12-1 ban of damage and will cost 5% of GAP. Our economy cannot smoothly allocate resources and budget if we are going to be hit again by these hazards not only will our economy suffer but the very lives of every Filipino people. International Red Cross Society has already declared the Philippines as the 4th Most Accident Prone Country in the world and in the last ten years alone we have already sacrificed million people. As a student, I can only understand that the tragedy is not found only in the midst of a devastating typhoon but to the poor preparations our communities have undergone to mitigate the damages. We need to act now, be willing to be educated on disaster preparedness and reduction. Knowledge Is power and In unity comes greater strength. We need to understand the fundamentals of this information on how to lessen and avoid damages to our communities. The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council has already mapped out the areas that are prone to dangerous zone. People should be willing to be trained by different international and government agencies on how to act when disaster strikes. Drills have already been in progress since 2000 on earthquakes, typhoon, flood, fire to prepare communities to be self-resilient. For our communities to prosper, we should stand out this turmoil that we are in right now and be united to stand in one cause.

Contemporary Art Essays - Pop Artists, Otaku, Takashi Murakami

Contemporary Art Essays - Pop Artists, Otaku, Takashi Murakami Contemporary Art Contemporary Art Compare and Contrast Writing Assignment The three contemporary pieces of art that I decided to compare and contrast all come from one artist, contemporary Japanese artist Takashi Murakami. I came across this artist years ago after listing to Kanye West 3rd album The Graduation. I was so impressed by the album cover art work I decided to look up the artist and found out Takashi was much more than just a drawer, he is a painter a sculptor and an over all creative genius when it comes to his different forms of contemporary media. He creates a world of cartoon like creatures using vivid colors almost remind me of a cartoon representation of a really crazy acid or mushroom experience. His art gallery entitled EGO showcased the different forms of art Takashi can create, I chose a painting, a sculpture and an installation that I will compare and contrast from his exhibition. Takashis painting titled Mr. DOB was created with acrylic paint on canvas. It is a 2D art piece with a composition give depth to the creatures drawn in the painting. Takashi draws the main figure high up and puts other creatures in the foreground so you can get the perception that youre looking up at this massive creature he created. He used very vibrant colors like teal blue, bright pink and yellow, the world and beasts he created are fictional so the odd colors make them stand out and give them their own worldly feel. Mr. DOB is very abstract, although the characters are completely made up, he paints them in a way that you can still relate their actions to a feeling. The painting gives me a sense of death, although it is a very bright piece, it is very chaotic and the creatures seem to be shooting each other or at war. Flower Matango was a piece he created as an installation for his gallery. It consist of bright abstract smiling-flower wallpaper on the walls and floor, a painting and a matching smiling-flower sculpture in the center as its main focal point, that was created to fit the entire space. This installation was made to engulf you as you experience it. All the flowers are very colorful, five pedal flowers with a smile face for the center. Theres really no limit on the colors used to create the flowers, the brighter the color the better. The sculpture is made of soft cotton stuffed pillows figures that the exact same flower pieces as the painting and wallpaper, just 3D. In this insulation he utilized both the 3D and 2D components of art expression. This installation although visually bright like his painting Mr. DOB conveys a very different message. Where the other once is pure chaos this piece is sure joy. Every flower created whether painted or sculpted all have a small face. I feel as if the subject matter is that we as society smile to one another and think were individuals when really, were all the same. He represents thats with all the flowers being different colors, but they all look alike and every single one has the exact same smile. It almost gives off a sense of fakeness. The third media is a 20-foot 3D inflatable sculpture of him titled by his first name Murakami. It is an exact replica of the artist himself. The focal point of this peace would be his large 4 foot hand reaching out as to be giving or reactive something form the views. He created himself sitting with he legs crossed, I feel that keeps your eyes circling the sculpture and you look at it. Unlike the rest of his artwork being very bright and conceptual this sculpture is very realistic; from the facial structure to the skin tones colors and hair and clothing, everything seems to be ordinary. I believe he created this piece as the headline of his EGO exhibit. Ego is a persons sense of self-importance or self-esteem, to create a giant, precise reproduction of himself, I believe is a way of him acknowledging how great he is at his craft and being self aware of the creative abilities he possesses. The three art pieces contain many similarities and

Free Essays on College Life

Leaving from home and exploring ones own dreams are a very important part or maturing. Though, the physical separation from home is for some a difficult transition to college life. What are those things one takes for granted while living at home, and attending high school? What changes does one face upon entering college? Just thinking of all the times the alarm clock did not go off, and my mom was there to make sure school was still reached in time. When the alarm clock fails to go off at college, then the first class of the day is simply missed. At home breakfast is made to order: eggs, bacon, pancakes, or even French toast. In college one finds a particular meal that is edible, and must stick with it. A cabinet could be opened at home and a variety of tasty foods are readily available. In college a meal card is swiped though a machine upon entering the cafeteria, and the word â€Å"tasty† rarely enters the mind. My mom was at home to make sure the dishes are put away after the meal by my stepfather and I. They are simply handed over to pairs of hands waiting to clean the dishes at college. Nutrition is a factor at home, and my mom creates meals with that in mind. A new food group sprang to life upon entering a residence hall: Mountain Dew, Doritos, Ben & Jerry’s, Oreos, and t he list could go on and on. Privacy is always available at home; there is somewhere to read, write, listen to music, or to just rest. Dorm life is a harsh reality to college, and the only time the room is empty is on a Thursday night. At home, a bedroom is somewhere to keep all personal belongings; there is a particular space for everything to fit. Space efficiency becomes a survival tactic in college. When at home there is no worry of someone coming into your bedroom unless permission is given to enter. In college a day without at least ten random visitors is considered boring. At home, family was the only people living inside the house. In c... Free Essays on College Life Free Essays on College Life Leaving from home and exploring ones own dreams are a very important part or maturing. Though, the physical separation from home is for some a difficult transition to college life. What are those things one takes for granted while living at home, and attending high school? What changes does one face upon entering college? Just thinking of all the times the alarm clock did not go off, and my mom was there to make sure school was still reached in time. When the alarm clock fails to go off at college, then the first class of the day is simply missed. At home breakfast is made to order: eggs, bacon, pancakes, or even French toast. In college one finds a particular meal that is edible, and must stick with it. A cabinet could be opened at home and a variety of tasty foods are readily available. In college a meal card is swiped though a machine upon entering the cafeteria, and the word â€Å"tasty† rarely enters the mind. My mom was at home to make sure the dishes are put away after the meal by my stepfather and I. They are simply handed over to pairs of hands waiting to clean the dishes at college. Nutrition is a factor at home, and my mom creates meals with that in mind. A new food group sprang to life upon entering a residence hall: Mountain Dew, Doritos, Ben & Jerry’s, Oreos, and t he list could go on and on. Privacy is always available at home; there is somewhere to read, write, listen to music, or to just rest. Dorm life is a harsh reality to college, and the only time the room is empty is on a Thursday night. At home, a bedroom is somewhere to keep all personal belongings; there is a particular space for everything to fit. Space efficiency becomes a survival tactic in college. When at home there is no worry of someone coming into your bedroom unless permission is given to enter. In college a day without at least ten random visitors is considered boring. At home, family was the only people living inside the house. In c... Free Essays on College Life College Life As children grow up, they have to move on. College is one of the stages that you will probably go through. As you come up on these new things, you have to make the right decisions. If you make the wrong choice it could ruin your life. If the wrong choices are made there will be long and short term results. Two of the biggest mistakes a student can make are not going to class and not turning work in on time. One short term effect of not going to class or not turning in your work is that teachers don't really want to work with you. A teacher is not going to feel sorry for a student that does not do anything in their class. Think to yourself, why someone would help you if you never pay any attention to them? Also, you will never really learn anything if you don't go to class. Then the result of a person never holding up to their responsibilities will be the failure to pass any classes. This will eventually lead to you failing out of school. As you move on in life you will recognize the long term effects. One of the biggest results is that you do not get an education. This can be a very big problem if you ever want to get a job. If you go try to get a job without a college education, you will be very disappointed. You will keep going on interviews and never get the call back from the employer. You will end up at some fast food restaurant flipping burgers for the rest of your life. Also, you will never be able to spend very much money due to your budget. You will never be able to go out and buy your wants, and most importantly your needs. Then you have to look at all the money that you have just wastes. Spending a lot of money to put you through school and you just fail out. Knowing that your money is not an item that you just like to throw away, your parents will be very upset with you. Also it may show a lack of responsibility that you can not make it through school. It shows that you do not real... Free Essays on College Life College Life   Ã‚  Ã‚   As students enter college, they each face their own problems. Some may become overwhelmed with the problems caused by attending a higher education establishment and end up dropping out, in order to pursue work, family responsibilities, or something else. As dropout rates increased, Cal State Los Angeles decided that students needed a class to prepare them for the hardships of higher education life. Those special classes, called Introduction to Higher Learning classes were made mandatory in the first two quarters of a student’s first year in the university. The classes used a textbook called Your College Experience. This book contains many valuable lessons for starting freshmen, but the three most important lessons are in Chapter 4 (Time Management: The Foundation of Academic Success), Chapter 17 (Managing Stress), and Chapter 20 (Managing Money)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time Management is one of the most important, if not the most important keys to success in college. Students who can’t manage their time correctly end up having a lot of problems, both in their school life, and personal life. For most students, college is a balancing act between studying/homework, work, and family responsibilities. Without good time management skills it is often impossible to succeed in all three. Good time management is being able to decide what is the most important, and concentrate on it, without completely forgetting about the other things in life. Your College Experience provides many ideas for students to effectively manage their time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For me personally, certain time management ideas in Chapter 4 proved particularly useful. The Chapter helped me realize how important it is to set priorities, instead of trying to do everything. From my experiences, I learned that when you try to do everything, you end up doing nothing particularly well. The chapter also lists very good ideas as to how to make a daily plan, by setting aside time...

DISCUSS THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE ATTITUDES AN INDIVIDUAL MIGHT Essay

DISCUSS THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE ATTITUDES AN INDIVIDUAL MIGHT ESPOUSE AND HIS OR HER BEHAVIOUR - Essay Example There appear to be two sides but the point where one side begins and the other side ends is not as divided as being drawn in by a straight line. It’s like traveling without actually leaving because your finger goes around but you end up where you began. The same idea goes for attitudes and behavioral choices we take. What catapults us to choose left over right and vice versa or doing right or wrong and evidently choosing one over the two? What leads an individual to act and think as he does and then act and think differently altogether? In understanding this, the working definitions which will ultimately set the pace for us in this article need to be clarified for purposes of discussion. Motivation and behavior, although loosely used in conversational English and interchanged conveniently, are two very different words in the study of psychology. Motivation is a goal-oriented behavior that varies in intensity and persistence, meaning we do the things we do because of a need to do it with reasons ranging from the logical to becoming illogical. It’s like eating because of hunger or plainly because its time to eat. People need people. Why? Because there is so much in us that craves approval, justification and belief that we find it in other people as well. It shapes us as the person we think we can be. And it leads us in bettering ourselves when we get the approval we want. Which is behavior†¦ it is then safe to assume that behavior gets us where we need to be but we need motivation to drive us to our desti nation. It is then imperative that we ask ourselves what comprises us to make the choices we do and what factors come into play that makes us the person we are. This is where social influence, norms and roles come into the fray. What moves us? Social Influence in the handouts highlights the source of the choices we make which is the influence of other people for our modified behavior. The amount of influence or behavior is significant

Consider culture as an expression of identity and explore the ways in Essay

Consider culture as an expression of identity and explore the ways in which literature and art are used to shape that identity f - Essay Example This paper offers a discussion of the ways in which literature and art can be used to shape an identity for political purposes. It will argue on the purpose that is played by literature and art on one hand and politician on the other as well as how both relate in the support for political viewpoints, assumptions, policy and agendas. As Fearon (1999) points out, identity is a way in which a certain group in the society sees and defines itself and the way the other groups and individuals in the society see and define them. The group forms its identity through a socialization process which eventually influences the prevailing social institutions like the mass media, education system and the family. Identity is very important since it marks the similarities and differences that exist in the society. Identity is used to bring about a factor like social class with its own lifestyle, clothes, income level, shopping places, TV programmes and movies, leisure, sport, music, food, accent and ma ny other activities that emphasizes a certain class. Eventually, when individuals and groups identify themselves through such kind of life, it becomes a way of life or a culture of its own. The alleged characteristics and behaviors are hence used to place individuals in a certain social category. Social identity in the first instance is a label that groups a number of people by their shared features. However, beyond labeling, it has a number of implications that reflect in cognitive beliefs, emotional association or behavioral consequences Castells (2011). The feeling of inclusion to a cultural group is important to individuals’ sense of self and their relationship with others. Cultural identity is expressed through certain ways of dressing, earning, participation in rituals and sharing certain types of information. Pieces of literature and art work are progressively produced and consumed by the society. Both artists and political groups represent a future reality that must b e communicated to the society. On one hand, a dominant class that has assumed or wishes to assume power educate themselves with books, photographs, making trips to cultural homeland, videos and those knowledge materials passed down from elders. By arming themselves with accurate information about a culture, they are able to express it fully. As Castells (2011) observed, in most society today, a high culture that is seen as superior to other culture can be identified. There are aspects that high culture uses as a way to be set apart from day-to-day life. The culture is presented as something special and one to be treated with reverence and respect. To sustain that supremacy, there are things that are part of the heritage and with lasting value that are taken as worth preserving. Literature and art consist of major products and are often found in special places including museums, concert hall, galleries and theatres. High culture uses products like serious news, documentaries, program mes and classical music to hold privilege and great power in society. These products are used to assert or make the other forms of cultures to see, accept and recognize that identity. These products are used as socially distinguished features that allow a person to have special pride in, honor,

Jesus Christ and Miracles Essay Example for Free

Jesus Christ and Miracles Essay A miracle is basically an event that cannot be fully explained by science and sometimes defies logic and reasoning. Generally, miracles are attributed to positive things such as a person suddenly being cured from devastating or a person waking from a deep coma after a lot of years. However, miracles are also attributed to persons and possibly the best person whom miracles are associated with is Jesus Christ. According to Wikipedia, Jesus Christ performed many miracles which include curing the sick, exorcising demons from people, controlling nature, and raising dead people, among others. Moreover, possibly the most popular miracles that Jesus performed based on Wikipedia are the turning of water into wine, the exorcism of seven evil spirits from Mary Magdalene, the healing of the mute, the blind, the deaf, and the leper, walking on water, the multiplication of small amounts of fish and bread, the raising of Lazarus from the dead, the transubstantiation of bread and wine, and his own resurrection from the dead, among many others. Basically, according to Wikipedia, Jesus performed miracles in order to show everyone that the divine power of God, His Father is real. In addition, the general view of the Catholic Church according to Wikipedia is that Jesus mainly performed miracles not only to help those who are in need but to convert non-believers into believers. However, according to Wikipedia, modern analysts of the Bible claim that miracles that Jesus performed were merely symbols and metaphors. For example, healing the blind served as a symbol for people who could not see the truth even though it is presented clear on their faces and healing the dead was a metaphor for people who could not or refused to listen to the truth. Nevertheless, the prevailing perception still is that miracles are the good, yet improbable things that happen in a person’s life and that Jesus Christ is the main performer of these miracles Works Cited Wikipedia. org. 2008. â€Å"Jesus. † 12 April 2008 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jesus.

Female Breasts Essay -- miscellaneous

Female Breasts In many works of art throughout history, female breasts have been featured prominently and in the nude. The symbolic meaning credited to the breast was usually associated with fertility and nourishment, both spiritual and physical, and in the wider sense, with life. Eroticism, nourishment, abundance, expression, feminine power, as well as feminine subservience, are different contradicting themes of the breast played out in time. Different reiterating views of its importance and the way it should be displayed are used to reflect upon the views of women of the time and life in society in general. At times, it is near-worshipped as a sign of sexuality, or as a sign of nourishment. Other times it is restricted down, sometimes a sign of the inferiority of women or, on the contrary, as a sign of women's independence and their equality to men. Whether it is intentional or unintentional, how the breast is perceived throughout history is a direct reflection of the views of the time. Legends about the breast have appeared in a variety of cultures, from Greek, Indian, to Native American myths, they all contain stories that involve biting a breast. For example, as an infant, Hercules was said to have gotten his extra-human strength from biting the breast of Hera. Other stories such as this can be seen as symbolic of an attack on Mother Nature or the earth goddess, and of man's ability to overcome her (Latteier, 1998, p. 146). Women with multiple sets of breasts are reoccurring themes in Western society, symbolizing fruitfulness. Artenis, the Greek goddess of Ephesus, is said to have had nearly twenty breasts on her chest. She symbolized the female nourishing power and fertility. The Minoan society on the island of Crete welcomed the breast openly. Women's clothing was designed to let the breasts show through and were placed in high social positions of power. Their breasts stood for material wealth, political power, and purity. The Minoans are given credit as the fi rst people to use a corset. They wore bodices that laced below the bust, bracing and exposing the breasts (Winston, Website). Priestesses known as snake goddesses, were notorious for large breasts and snakes that coiled around their arm, would symbolize their power (Yalom, 1997, p. 15). Classic Greek society repressed femininity and acclaimed masculinity. Women were encouraged to stay... ... short of surgery to change the size of the bosom. From the binding of the breasts in male-dominated Ancient Greece, to the large breasts of the 1980's, the way society treats the breasts reflects the customs of society at the time. Why is the breast considered such an important feature of the body? Is it because of their connection with lactation and the nurturing of infants? Or is it because of their sexual nature, as a symbol of femininity and womanhood? Whatever the reason, they are an important indication of the views of society and will continue to be so in the future. Works Cited Allende, Isabel. (1991). The Infinite Plan. New York: Harper Collins Broby-Johansen, R. (1968). Body and Clothes. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. Latteier, Carolyn. (1998). Breasts: The Women's Perspective on an American Obsession. Binghamton: The Haworth Press, Inc. Silverman, Steven. "The Brassiere." http://home.nycap.rr.com/useless/support_files/author.html Winston, Elisabeth. "The History of Corsets." http://home.earthlink.net/~isibastel/corset.html Yalom, Marilyn. (1997). A History of the Breast. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc Female Breasts by Raman Bains

Burn out of social workers in the work place Essay

Social workers are people committed to better the lives of others and this is done through varying capacities. Some work with families, children as well as in school while others work in the medical field especially those dealing with mental health. They assist people to amicably deal with domestic conflicts, disabilities, challenging health conditions, economic problems that precipitate housing problems, unemployment as well as issues like drug and substance abuse. (www. bls. gov). Their role in policy making can also not be underscored given their efforts in conducting research and making relevant recommendations as to the best or appropriate strategies. Social workers are also quite influential in the adoption processes as well as single parent assistance. Medical and public health social workers are committed to offering psychological support to people with life threatening conditions for instance HIV Aids and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Social workers can also work in local authorities as well as in government. In pursuit of making the lives of others worth the while, social workers in their respective fields are faced by many challenges. (www. bls. gov). They have to be in constant movement from their offices to where their clients are located and back to their offices where clerical work is done. Most often than not they experience burn outs while in their work a condition that affects their productivity levels. The focus of this paper is to explain why burn out occurs among the social workers, it will illustrate how it occurs, its effects on the organization and thereafter suggest that appropriate solutions to resolve it. The term ‘burn out’ is used to refer to the process or state of mental exhaustion that has a high impact on one’s productivity. In the book Handbook of human factors and ergonomics in health care and patient safety, Carayon presents some signs and symptoms of burn outs in the work place. Burn outs leads to anxiety and lack of zeal. It causes depression and mental exhaustion, poor concentration and memory as well as increased instances of absenteeism and general poor productivity. (Carayon P, 2006). Burn outs are not good for any profession in any organization. They cause a negative impact on interpersonal communication among the various employees in an organization would definitely have a bad effect on the company’s output. (Azar T, 2000). Burn outs increases people irritability and minor issues are magnified and this can be a source of conflicts among the various employees. The overall effects of burn outs are transferred from the individuals affected to the organization as a whole. Organization risk registering high dissatisfaction levels, increased job turn over as well as low morale. In Carayon’s book burn out is defined as ‘the persistent negative work related state of mind that is characterized by exhaustion which is accompanied by distress, a sense of reduced effectiveness and the development of dysfunctional attitudes and behaviors at work’. (Carayon P, 2006). This psychological problem develops gradually and may initially be unnoticed. It arises from the contrast between one’s objectives or intentions and the reality at the job. In most cases burn outs are caused by the adherence of inappropriate or rather inadequate stress coping mechanisms. Prolonged job stress leads to burn outs among the employees in question. Burn outs lead to decreased motivation and creates anti work attitudes. (Carayon P, 2006). Social workers in the various fields experience burn outs while in their work places. This occurs when the organizations they work for fail to meet their high goals and expectations. They feel dissatisfied with their work and this dissatisfaction leads to feeling of disappointment and grief. (Soderfeldt M and Soderfeldt B, 2003). According to a 2006 research it was clear that most social workers are not contented with their work. A high percentage reported high levels of job dissatisfaction and were ready to leave their various organizations. According to them, the value of the work they did was not equivalent to the pay they received. (The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2006). Social workers suffering from burn outs may feel detached with their clients and this will definitely affect their productivity levels. (Takeda F et al, 2005). Although different people will react differently to burn outs some could isolate themselves and have poor eating and sleeping habits. Others may find solace in alcohol or smoking all of which has a negative effect on their health. The relationship between the social workers experiencing burn outs and their clients as well as with fellow workmates is negatively affected by burn out as it triggers anger. (Lewandowski A, 2003). Organizations suffer economically whenever social workers leave due to the burn out problems. They incur the costs of hiring new employees and training them to be effective. This is made worse by the fact that they have the constraint of scarce resources. Organizations or agencies that fail to address the issues presented by their employees in this context the social workers are more likely to register higher incidences of job turnover which translates to increased costs. (Lewandowski A, 2003). A major cause of the increased instances of burn outs among the social workers is attributed to lack or failure by some agencies to involve them in the decision making processes. The lack of autonomy and the increased bureaucratization in their work place makes them feel alienated or isolated. (Lundy C, 2003). The problems to be handled by social workers become difficult by the day and this demands that the organizations adjust with the changing times if amicable solutions are to be arrived at. In her book, Social work and social justice, Lundy explains that social workers have a challenging job. Financial constraint is a major set back hindering their efficiency or productivity. They have to undergo or rather face job related stress as they try to allocate the minimal resources to match the overwhelming demands. The structure of the social welfare delivery, the mandate of the agencies they work for as well as the needs of their clients also lead to increased stress which precipitates burn outs among the social workers. (Lundy C, 2003). Most social workers are in the job due to a call or vocation to help others and the failure to involve them in the decision making process hinders their effective performance. (Kreisher K, 2002). Great control of funding sources also has a negative effect on the level of satisfaction that social workers derive from their work. The reduced commitment by the government to boost the welfare sector has led to the reduction of funds which makes social work a very challenging profession. (Lewandowski A, 2003). Without the autonomy or involvement in the decision making process they are denied the chance to apply their findings or expertise to directly affect their practice. This hinders the effectiveness of various welfare programs and on not realizing their goals they are frustrated and feel helpless. The ineffectiveness of the sector that they work for may have a direct negative impact on the social workers. They may place themselves in the shoes of their clients who could be victims of abuse or violence and live in fear especially with the knowledge of how ineffective the system is. (Kreisher K, 2002). Given the emerging social and economic conditions, the involvement of social workers in the decision making process would be more of a necessity then a requirement. This would ensure that there is effective division of labor and the work load could be minimized. Workload has negative effects on the employees’ health. This can be backed by a 1999 survey by the Canadian Union of Public social workers which established that increased work load among the social workers in the development services in children aids societies had a negative impact on their well being. To a tune of 87% social workers in the various fields confessed that the increased work load had a negative on their health. (Kreisher K, 2002). Work overload precipitates burn outs. With minimal finances at their disposal, agencies or organizations dealing with welfare hire fewer people than would be required a condition that sees the social workers with a large work load at their disposal. The social workers job predisposes them to risks of physical and verbal abuse and threats at work all of which have negative implications on their mental, physical and social well being. It also has an effect on their job satisfaction levels. In the article ‘Burned out’ Kreisher Kristen argues that the poor pay given to social workers dealing with children and the youth, in the face of the tough economic times has a big role to play in boosting ‘burn outs’ among the social workers. Their job demands are increasing while their reward or pay is dwindling and this is a major disincentive for them. There is need for the welfare organizations to adjust the compensation rates to match the difficult economic times. (Kreisher K, 2002). As Lewandowski in Organizational factors contributing to worker frustration: The precursor to burnout notes disappointments among the social workers have also been aggravated by the fact that their roles or responsibilities have changed and are in contrast with their expectations. Instead of spending more time with their clients in the field they spend more time carrying out clerical work. (Lewandowski A, 2003). For the agencies or organizations accountability is of essence as they are under pressure from the financiers to show how their resources are spent. In other words the agencies are more concerned with the number of people served while the social workers are more concerned with the quality of services provided. The social workers pay is at times affected by gender bias where for instance women dealing with children are lowly paid. (Kreisher K, 2002). The burn out problem can be resolved if appropriate strategies are adopted to help the social workers face the challenges in their work effectively. Prevention of burn out can be handled both at an individual level as well as at an organizational level. Social workers can be advised to take well balanced diets, have enough sleep, talk with their workmates and share their challenges as well as create some time away from the stressful conditions. Social networks are vital as they enable one to connect with their friends and make the stress that they face easier to deal with. Identifying hobbies that would ease the work tension and pressure is also an effective way of reducing the effects of burn outs. Of mush significance is the role of organizations in resolving burn outs among the social workers. Organizations must adapt all inclusive strategies where social workers have a significant role in the decision making process. (Azar T, 2000). This makes them feel appreciated for the roles they play in the organizations. To enable social workers better manage the challenges attached to their work it is important that the social work curriculums be modified to train them on the appropriate ways to handle complex situations. Spending more time training would also ensure that they acquire immense knowledge on how to deal with real life situations. Mentorship programs would also suffice in resolving the problem of burn outs. Strong mentorship where older and experienced social workers share their experiences with younger and inexperienced social workers will provide them with adequate knowledge on how to deal with difficulties while in this job. It will reduce their job stress as they will understand that it is part of their job. Mentorship also provides them with relevant solutions to would be problems while in their jobs. Strong supervision is also vital in ensuring that work load problems that cause burn outs are effectively handled. (Kreisher K, 2002). An organization culture is also crucial in creating or reducing burn out in the work place. Positive cultures must be embraced by all means. Organizations with positive cultures go the extra mile to ensure employee retention. They make them feel that they are part of the organization and involve them in the decision making processes. They also provide financial incentives like paid vacations and health benefits. Team work is also embraced in such organizations and it ensures that job stress does not have adverse effects on the employees. Supportive co workers are essential in reducing job related stress. (Kreisher K, 2002). Organizations must also invest in making the work place safe such that the risks of being physically harmed are minimized. They can train the employees on how to deal amicably with incidences of violence. The effects of social workers burn outs on the individuals, clients and on the organizations are not desirable. The organizations must by all means ensure that employees are retained as increased job turn over sees them lose skilled, experienced and dedicated employees. They must therefore be committed to minimize the job stressors in the work environment to curb burn outs. References Azar T. 2000. Preventing burnout in professionals and paraprofessionals who work with child abuse and neglect cases: A cognitive behavioral approach to supervision. Psychotherapy in Practice, 56, 643-663. Colleen Lundy. 2003. Social Work and Social Justice: A Structural Approach to Practice. Broadview Press. Fumi Takeda. Naoko Ibaraki, Eise Yokoyama, Takeo Miyake and Takashi Ohida. 2005. The Relationship of Job Type to Burnout in Social Workers at Social Welfare Offices. Journal of Occupational Health Vol. 47 (2005), No. 2 119-125 Kristen Kreisher. 2002. Burned Out Children’s Voice Article, July/Aug 2002. Retrieved on 12 August 2008 from http://www. cwla. org/articles/cv0207burnedout. htm. Lewandowski A. 2003. Organizational factors contributing to worker frustration: The precursor to burnout. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 4, 175-185. Pascale Carayon. 2006. Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety. Routledge Publishers. Soderfeldt M and Soderfeldt B. 2003. Burnout in social work. Social Work, 40, 638-647. Social Workers. Outlook Handbook, 2008-09 Editions. Retrieved on 12 August 2008 from http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos060. htm The Royal College of Psychiatrists. 2006. Mental health, burnout and job satisfaction among mental health social workers in England and Wales. The British Journal of Psychiatry (2006) 188: 75-80. doi: 10. 1192/bjp. 188. 1. 75.

Aids Vaccine by Merck and Company

1) What kind of vaccine was this, and how was it supposed to work? The vaccine known as V520 that was used in these studies cannot cause HIV infection because it contains only of viral materials which has synthetically produced snippets. Such vaccine is composed of adenovirus a common virus which normally causes upper respiratory infection these groups of virus infect the membranes tissue linings of the respiratory tract very common in adult and children, this infection include fever the most frequent symptoms is the inflammation of the pharynx or sore throat which is the sign of pharyngitis, inflammation of the nasal membranes, or a congested runny nose cough and swollen lymph nodes (gland). This infection sometimes leads to otitis media. It was first discovered as an agent causing upper respiratory infection in man, the human adenovirus comprise 41 distinct serotypes which cause a variety of ailments such as acute respiratory, ocular, gastrointestinal and urinary tract diseases ( Lattime et al, 2002). The adenovirus serotypes have an oncogenic possibility and are able to stimulate tumors in rodents cause a remarkable surge of interest in the study of the molecular biology of human adenoviruses. 2) How did the researchers deal with the dilemma of working with â€Å"control† human subjects? That is, did they warn the volunteers to protect themselves but obtain no significant data to test the vaccine? Or did they try to detect the vaccine’s efficacy while their participants were at risk of getting HIV infection? Did they find a solution? Scientist has made the vaccine by crafting the vaccine by genetically making alterations the common adenovirus which consist the part of HIV. They had hope that it will activate an immune response that would make recipients less to catch HIV or interrupt the inception of full-blown AIDS. It is expected from the vaccine by the scientist that the vaccine should not cause infection but to produce results that would make on the immunity of the recipients to made it easier for the to seize through a later exposure. Those volunteers who have received the least two doses of the said vaccine nineteen volunteers constricted HIV compared with the eleven persons which are given placebos. The dilemma of working with â€Å"control† human subjects is that they are more uncontrollable regarding their environment promptness for this long tow will never be achieved on a short span of time continued by eagerness for a precise invention. It requires enthusiastic and prepared society and numerous places which are both well continued and supple to acclimatize changes in procedure. This is one of the criteria that the mentioned experiment has lacked, in using large scale trials to be short of associates with fine characterized incidence and frequency rates of HIV infection Without the consistent of how much infection takes place in a community in a particular year, there will be no means of knowing whether an entrant vaccine will help lessen the pace of new infections. All this information must be collected sooner before large-scale test can start. It is also significant to know the dynamics of viral load and CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected people in the community where the tryout takes place. 3) How would the scientists determine efficacy? That is, when comparing the vaccinated volunteers with those who received a placebo, how big a difference between the vaccinated versus control groups would have been necessary to call the trial a success (say, at the 95% confidence level)? The AIDS vaccine trials moving headed for large trials are not probable to defend people from infection. In its place the vaccines are more likely to improve the series of HIV to AIDS if a vaccinated individual becomes infected. To resolve the vaccine’s impact, volunteers will necessitate to be followed over an extended period of time possibly their life span. This represents an important model shift which requires substantial learning of trial participants and communities in which test take place. AIDS vaccine researchers require making it certain that systems are in position to confirm that a constructive test stems from vaccine-induced antibodies, rather a definite illness. Moreover, looked-for are programs to fight bias against anyone enrolled in an AIDS vaccine test whether test HIV seropositive or not. The vaccine developed by Merck and Co. did not prevent HIV infection nor did it limit the severity of the disease, in those who become infected with HIV as a result of their own behaviors that exposed them to virus. The trial could have been a success and be effective if the researchers has been more cautious on recording who are the patients who get placebo and the real vaccine, and after the vaccine they should still monitor the activities of the volunteers especially if ever they still indulge in actions that will make them more prone to the mentioned disease. 4) In your opinion, what went wrong? Why did the trial fail? The project fails because most of the volunteers are heterosexual; they were not informed after the test if they have been given the placebo or the vaccine. Unexpected results from other AIDS studies had also happen, just like the trials of two vaginal microbicide gels to avoid HIV but have led to more infections for those who have really used the product than those who has received the placebos. Because of the long time and test done to perfect the test we can always expect failure, in a certain experiment the control human being is very important because this will serve as the basis on the experimental side which include the numerous amount of volunteers unmonitored after the vaccine like their extra curricular activities and the way they have their sexual relationship with the other sex, a close observation on their itinerary’s in their everyday living in the longer period of time. Work Cited Koff, W. C., Gust I. D. Kahn P. (2007). Aids Vaccine Development. Horizon Scientic Press. Hawthorme, F. (2003). The Merck Druggernaut: The Inside Story of a Pharmaceutical. Giant. John Wiley and Sons Lattime E.C., S.L. Gerson, (2002). Gene Therapy of Cancer. Elsevier Publishing      

The Rise of Women essays

The Rise of Women essays Many men in the present and most, if not all, in the past have considered themselves of obvious higher caliber and as the undisputed dominant role over women. Yet in the midst of the 21st century, we are very much reminded every day of the radical change that occurred merely within the last two centuries. In the course of this time, women were led, due to key feminist individuals, from the stereotypes of the home-maker to a much stronger and independent sex. Through the historical struggle in which women have faced in the past by persecution and insolence, women have fought for small rights that have led to a social revolution, which has furthermore resulted in benefiting the western world immensely. Other parts of the world, due to lack of freedom of speech, are still in the process of fighting the old customs and laws which are most definitely holding many nations back socially and economically. By examining the historical events in which women had struggled in the past, and speci fying the key events in the mid-late 1800s and throughout 1900s, we can moreover make a confident prediction of the bright future that is laid upon for future female generations. There was a time when both men and women were responsible for the well being of their families, on the same sort of level. The men were the hunters and the women also gathered food, such as beetles, nuts and roots. The womans role of collecting edibles may not seem very significant, but when the men came home empty handed, their families had to depend on what the woman collected for their meals. The women who gathered the food bore the lions share of responsibility to keep the tribe fed. This was a good time for women because they pulled an equal weight with their spouses. The reason for their equality is based on the fact that the families were trying to survive, and there was no such thing as education and owning property to set the sexes apa...

Argument Essay Writing

Argument Essay Writing Argument Essay Writing Argument Essay Writing The below tips are written by writer working at to assist you with argumentative essay writing. The most difficult parts of argument essay writing are introduction and conclusion. Introduction focuses reader's attention on the essay problems, raises key questions, indicates contradiction, and reveals different aspects of the topic. As to essay conclusion: the most vivid idea must be not in conclusion, but in the body of your argument essay writing. The main idea must summarize your judgment about the topic. For example, the topic "We have no time to become ourselves" suggests that the student devotes his essay to the problem of self-knowledge, self-consciousness, self-perfection, and puts forward existential problems of human being. In other words, turns to the individual development. Other argument essay topics may include the problems of the ratio of material and spiritual needs of humans and contradictions between the two. This means that the extracted for the draft an d then included in the final text, concepts, terminology, examples, quotes, arguments must be in some way related to this problem. The structure of essays is defined by the requirements. The author's thoughts on argument essay writing topics are described in the form of short ideas (Is). The idea should be supported by evidence, so after the idea followed arguments (As). Arguments are facts, the phenomenon of social life, events, life situations and life experiences, the scientific evidence, references to the views of scientists and others. It is better to lead two arguments in favor of each idea: one argument seems unconvincing while three arguments can "reload" argument essay writing performed in the genre based on figurativeness and brevity. Thus, argument essay writing acquires ring structure (number of ideas and arguments depends on the essay topic, outline, and the logic of the development of thought): Introduction Thesis statement Ideas, arguments Ideas, arguments Ideas, arguments Conclusion Remember introduction and the conclusion should focus attention on the essay problem (raised in the introduction and summarized in the conclusion). Writing Argument Essay Writing an essay you can apply different methods of argumentation. For example: Philosophical appraisal. This allows you to understand and to distinguish problems, independently express your own views. Awareness of the problem and attempt to solve it. You should find the problem in the topic and argue its possible solution. Identification and comparison of the concepts, authors' positions, viewpoints, opinions. (It is very convenient to form the results of work in the tables.) Obviously, essay writing supposes personally-oriented approach to learning. The criteria of judging are expression of own ideas, argumentation, awareness of the problem and self-dependence on solution. Placing an order at .com, you get professionally written argument essay. We deliver only custom written papers and we are never late with delivery. Moreover, we offer refunds for the missed deadlines. We appreciate the trust of every client and we are able to meet the requirements of all tutors.

Plot Structure Analysis of Frankenstein Coursework

Plot Structure Analysis of Frankenstein - Coursework Example In contrast, this perfect human turns out to be a ugly monster, and he runs away from it because of its disgusting appearance. This is the mid-point of this narrative, observed in that Frankenstein rejection of the monster created a feeling of loneliness of it, and in its attempt to find company, it ends up murdering his own brother, and having a young innocent girl bear responsibility of his death in the eyes of general society members. This narrative reaches climax when Frankenstein realizes the real murderer of his brother, creating a twist on preceding actions. How a â€Å"perfect† creature created by an individual turns out to be his own pain? This narrative strives to advise human race on truth and value of accepting life in its simplicity. Underlying truth is that mankind seeks to achieve peace and perfection, by creating things he thinks ought to be there for this form of life, and at the end of it ends up destroying himself, and those close to him. This narrative is of great value in contemporary society, where wars and mass destruction is the order of the day in a bid to achieve

Why green energy should come to austin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why green energy should come to austin - Essay Example More and more people are migrating to urban areas in search of jobs or better residence. This leads to higher consumption of water, electricity, gas and other basic utilities. The population of Austin has grown at the rate of 48% in 1990s and 3.4% annually. The current population of Austin is more than 7,400,000 according to 2007 census. The city was ranked 16th among the fastest growing cities in the entire US. The rapidly growing urbanization has also raised several environmental issues. The growing population has raised the need of housing and the development of industries has also given rise to realty issues. The land prices are growing rapidly making it difficult for people to but affordable homes. The high realty rates have created housing problem in Austin. At present about 4000 are homeless in Austin and 18% of people are below poverty line. The growing urbanization had also resulted in many other problems such as, transport, electricity, water. It has increased the demand of public transport, electricity, and water supply. There is also increasing demand of public transport and better infrastructure to meet the ever-raising demand. The increased consumption has also raised issues of availability of fresh water. The water consumption of city has growing very rapidly and there are hardly few initiatives to recycle the waste water.

Nutritional Value of Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutritional Value of Fast Food - Essay Example The sandwich itself comes with vegetables included such as tomatoes, pickles, onions, and lettuce leaves. Thus giving the sandwich more nutritional value for my money. It is a heavy meal because of the proteins that were combined and the Kaiser bun itself is light in texture although quite filling to the stomach. Topping off the meal with a Lemonade drink helps cut the calorie and fat count of the sandwich since acidity in food or drinks has been known to have a positive effect on the intake of carbohydrates and fats. I eat these types of meals at Wendy's about once a week. As a full-time student, I find that I do not have the time to whip up a meal from scratch. Wendy's burgers and drinks offer me a healthy meal alternative that helps me achieve the nutritional needs of my body. I grab the meal to go or for delivery and sit at my study desk as I continue to concentrate on my studies. This type of food gives me the much-needed energy boost that helps me get through my long study sess ions that often last well into the night. Chili's Entree: Grilled Chicken Salad 270 Calories 14 g. Total Fat 4 g. Sat. Fat 14 g. Carbohydrates 25 g. Protein 4 g. Fiber 610 mg. Sodium Drink: Frosty Chocolate Shake 690 Calories 33 g. Fat 21 g. Sat. Fat 92 g. Carbohydrates 8 g. Protein 0 Fiber 210 mg. Sodium Comment: I normally eat at Chili's about once or twice a month depending upon my financial needs for the next 2 weeks. I do not usually carbo load unless I have to, such as when I need to have marathon study sessions or when I need to finish a school paper within a matter of hours. I normally watch what I eat and make sure that the food will not harm my body in any way. Which is why I normally order the Grilled Chicken Salad at Chilies. It is a very filling meal that has a decent number of calories and a very controlled amount of fats in it. Since the chicken is grilled, the skin is removed and the part used is usually the breast which is known to be the healthiest part of the chic ken. It is served with a light vinaigrette on a bed of vegetables that are as fresh as they can come. I often top the meal with a Frosty Chocolate Shake because I have a weakness for milkshakes. The calcium that I get from the shake helps augment my limited calcium intake during the week. Knowing that the food at Chili's is always healthy, I really wish I could eat there more than once a month. But the prices are prohibitive and I need to watch my budget so I always make sure to drop in for a decent and healthy meal every time I have the extra cash on hand to do so. Comment on Student #1: Student # 1 readily shared his experience with eating the â€Å"junk food† of all burgers, that is McDonald's. A McDonald's meal easily satiates one's appetite due to the overwhelming amount of grease and preservatives that go into the preparation of their sandwiches and fries. That is why when it comes to eating fast food sandwiches, it is always best to look for the ones that come with a n utritional rating that supports the sandwich ingredients. His choice of Dr. Pepper is also alarming. Knowing that sodas are laden with sugar and nothing more than that, it was a wise decision for the student to shy away from McDonald's for the rest of the year.  

Microeconomic Policy Essay Example for Free

Microeconomic Policy Essay The article identifies the major reasons why oil prices have become high and will remain high. Lynn Westfall, chief economist for Tesoro (TSO), suggests that the increase in the cost of crude per barrel leads to an increase in the prices of gasoline. The chief economist also suggests that the cost of investment for a new refinery would be at least $16 billion and would depend on several factors like pollution control, the cost of human labor, and the maintenance cost for the refineries. Moreover, the huge increase in global consumption levels has led to an increase in consumer demand and a lengthy process of extracting and refining of crude oil. In essence, the article conveys that the pending situation of high gasoline prices will not be resolved overnight and that the existing social conditions especially the presence of legal sanctions and proscriptions will suppress the possibility of maintaining the status quo or of lowering todays dizzying oil prices. Primary Economic Elements Mechanical enthusiasm scaling from simple lawn mowers to complex factory engines, as well as the trend for travelling and other interests of the like has thoroughly mounted the demand for gas. Given with such instances, the production of gas has been failing to meet that demand, so the anticipated and foreseeable price ceiling is not able to reach the ideal economic state of equilibrium. According to the analysis discussed in the article, it is evident that the catastrophically-triggered instances in the past few years have gravely affected the circulation of natural resources and minerals. The statement given by the chief of Tesoro Corporation (a company engaging in marketing and refining petroleum products in the United States) that the rapid increase of gas prices, ranging from a shoot up of over $3. 20/gallon, commenced the problem which is now taking occurrence in the arena of gas production. Moreover, the fact that consumers have spent approximately $20 billion in this year alone, making the parallel cost of crude somewhere between $30 and $70, is a manifestation that production has depleted at the rate of 2. 5 refineries every two years. Because of the disproportionate rise and fall of demand and supply, the problem is burdening contemporary consumers. Hence, the predicted remedy for such an imbalance in the economic symmetry is taken from the idea of the construction of new refineries. However, constructing new refineries is rather costly in terms of materials, labor, and time. Gas companies are reluctant to take such risks. As for recent analysis of supply and demand, analysts have suggested that there are still 150 grades of gasoline fit enough for use in various states. However, the fear of running down the supply by using these grades is legitimate since refineries need the precise ratio to continue operation. Importing more oil only increases the problem because of the 13% tax on importation. Conclusion Prices on fuel outrageously mount, while the production of supply is belligerently met. It is evident that there is an economic imbalance. the government should seek economic stability to assuage societys fear of a scarcity of resources. However, that scarcity will most likely occur. Such scarcity will lead to poverty (Why Gas Prices Will Stay High, 2007). therefore, the government should take action as soon as possible. Economic stability depends on a balance between production and consumption they should increase and decrease in proportion. What one takes, one must sustain. With that equilibrium, there will still be more for the future. Another issue in this mix is the sustainability of resources. Numerous government agencies are now focusing on the environment and on natural threats that are beyond human control (McPhee) in an effort to determine the appropriate amount for the restoration of lost or damaged properties, specifically when it comes to mineral resources destroyed by natural catastrophes. The change of the price of oil is dependent upon the trade specifications or laws stated in a states contract on import and export. Its primary goal is to stabilize the exchange of goods or energy for the benefit of the benefactor. The changes also depend on the providers ability to produce. The less a resource is available, the higher its cost in the market.

Code Of Hummurabi :: Hummurabi Code of Law

In his position as King of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to organize the world's first code of laws and establish Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite city of its time. "Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become entrusted with many official duties in his administration" (Grolier). In the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the world's most influential leaders. Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically arranged under a variety of subjects. He sorted his laws into grou ps such as family, labor, personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections. This format of organization was emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures succeeding Hammurabi's rule used some of the same laws that were included in Hammurabi's code. Hammurabi's method of thought is evident in present day societies which are influenced by his code. Modern governments currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight foot high black stone monument. Hammurabi based his code on principles like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should fit the crime. As for punishment, "legal actions were initiated under the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code was severe in it's penalties, prescribing "an eye for an eye, a tooth f or a tooth.""(Grolier). This code of laws was able to be maintained by invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued through the state's law enforcement system, comparable to the way punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code, crimes punishable by death required a trial in front of a bench of judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping, adultery and theft.

Memoir

Pets in general are lovable. Of course, who doesn’t love a dog? Or a cat? A fish, maybe? But in my case, it’s different. Not because I dislike innocent animals but because I have this extreme within me since childhood. You may not believe it but what I do the love are one of the most â€Å"unloved† and feared living creatures in this world —snakes and reptiles. I don’t know what it is about these cold-blooded creatures that attracted me most but for as long as I can remember, I have always been passionate about them. Lizards arouse my curiosity while snakes give me a sense of mystery and excitement. Even as a grown up now, I can still vividly recall my first encounter with a rattlesnake which was one of the scariest experiences I ever had. It was one bright, sunny morning and we were playing in the woods. The summer heat was conducive for outdoor activities and our â€Å"gang† has gathered once again to welcome the long school break. Careless and jolly, I was only 10 then and I was chasing my ball after it was tossed away in a very secluded area. I could not even remember what game was that but I was running after the ball and as soon as I entered the isolated zone, I felt shivers in my nape which gave me the creeps. I had cold sweats just as the earth was cold and moist and there were dried, wrinkled leaves scattered all over. I moved quite slowly not knowing what’s in store in there. I looked everywhere for my ball using my telescopic vision. I was quite good in finding things and stuff. As soon as I found the ball behind a moss-filled rock, I heard this eerie hissing sound. Sensing that it might be a snake, I was agitated that I wondered where it could be hiding. I said to myself, â€Å"This is a chance of a lifetime!† I was thinking twice at first anticipating the danger it could do to me. Anti-venoms were difficult to find during those days. Nevertheless, I hesitated. Out of curiosity, I kicked the rock hard and there it was†¦a fat, healthy rattlesnake! I suppose it was taking a nap before I got there. But at that moment its eyes looked straight at mine, I knew that there was impending harm to come. My mind was flying somewhere. All I felt was fear and thrill. The rattlesnake I found was brown, about four feet long with a triangular head. The minute I saw it, I was shaking hard and I froze all over. Knowing that rattlesnakes only attacked humans when disturbed, I was reluctant to go near it. But thinking it was my only opportunity to explore and take a good look at a real one, I picked up a stick and went closer to it moving one step at a time. As soon as I was closest to it, it gave a sort of evil look at me as if it was about to bite me whole. Then I gathered all my nerves and began to strum its thick scales then lifted it up slowly. It irked! I felt great and brave. Right that moment, I thought I’d die a terrible death from a venomous snake. Then I struggled to gaze at it for a few minutes. What a beautiful sight! And that’s how I remember it. I returned it back to its place then I started moving away slowly to avoid provoking its untamed nature. When I returned to my â€Å"gang,† I proudly shared to them the wonderful yet terrifying experience with the first snake I have ever encountered. I never told my mom what I did because I knew she’d kill me for doing such a â€Å"stupid† thing as she might have called it. I never had any other close encounters with snakes after that. I actually never petted them long. I gave up my Gopher snakes soon enough after I kept them a few years ago. But being a unique pet lover, it is quite rewarding on my part especially when I hear people praise me for it. Even if only see snakes usually in cages or in the zoos now, I can always remember that one fateful day I met that rattlesnake in the wild. I will always remember how beautiful it was. My experiences with lizards were not as intense as that I’ve had with snakes probably because they are harmless and naà ¯ve. But my daily encounters with lizards were as memorable to me as that of snakes. Actually, it was quite a traumatic beginning for me. I was standing in our front porch one day when I saw this kid (I think he was younger than me at that time) playing with a lizard. It was about 4 inches long and brown in color so I assumed it was a fence lizard. It had a bluish belly though. At first, the kid was feeding it with small insects I could not identify then before I knew it, he was flipping the poor lizard up and down. I was about to approach him when the next thing I saw was he stepped on it and the lizard was squeezed like an orange fruit. There it was lying flat on the street not breathing anymore. It was a terrible event which I cannot erase from my long-term memory until now. From then on, I came to love lizards more and I collected not only fence lizards but alligator and whiptail lizards as well. When I stopped keeping snakes, my lizards remained. At present, I still have my lizards which I long to protect and care for in my own simple ways. To my mind, at least I am making a difference in the lives of these astonishing small creatures which are often neglected and unappreciated by people. It is so sad to note that in some countries which do not have strict animal rights, snakes and reptiles are ruthlessly killed even with just the sight of them, even if they did nothing to harm humans. We should realize that such acts are merely their naturally-occurring defense mechanisms. Some races made them into exotic dishes and sold at high prices. Even in zoos and animal sanctuaries, snakes and reptiles are given negative connotations which affect the impressions of people in general regarding these creatures. The media play a great role in influencing people’s opinions and generalizations about snakes and reptiles. Since time immemorial, I have never seen a film, TV show or any advertisements for that matter depicting snakes in a positive manner. Movies like â€Å"Anaconda,† â€Å"Anacondas,†   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Spasm,† â€Å"Venom,† â€Å"Snakes on the Plane,† â€Å"Rattled,† and many more all gave snakes bad images. Oftentimes, snakes are shown to represent evil and have been considered demonic symbols. How can people’s attitude towards snakes and reptiles be changed if what is being shown by entertainment is purely the dark side of these creations? It certainly takes time to alter people’s perceptions on snakes and reptiles. One of the most effective medium to begin with is education. We should be reminded that snakes and reptiles are also part of our wildlife, thus, they should be conserved and protected like any other endangered species. Children should be taught to love all animals through promoting media exposure and including conservation of wildlife in the school curriculum to instill in their minds the need to appreciate even the most dangerous creatures. This is not an easy task pursue since most learning of children are facilitated at home and most parents and guardians teach children to fear snakes and reptiles. This is the reason why massive media campaign should be done to alter our views about snakes and reptiles even at a slow pace. What is of the essence is that there should be efforts and attempts to correct the wrong impressions people have of these despised animals. While it may be true that snakes and reptiles are feared and â€Å"unloved† by most people, for me, they are wonderful creatures. Therefore, it is not true that they are feared and ‘unloved† because there are still people like me who can love them unconditionally. And I choose to remain as such as long as I have the capacity to do so.                                                      

Poland Spring’s Advertisement Campaign Failure Essay

Poland Spring’s recent advertisement puts its viewers in a serene natural environment; a nice sunny day overlooking a crystal clear spring on a green field. In the center of this field is a giant plastic bottle, one that is â€Å"environmentally friendly.† The bottle is praised and pointed out for using â€Å"less plastic,† â€Å"less paper,† and the very important â€Å"dye-free cap.† The bottle is called the â€Å"Eco-Shaped bottle† and is designed to have less impact on the earth. The entire scene is under the giant caption that tells of how Poland Spring is doing â€Å"less† to the environment. The company is selling water in a disposable plastic bottle yet the advertisement seems to be trying to convince people that by consuming their disposable product they are some how helping the environment; that because they drink Poland Spring water they are doing â€Å"less to the environment. This advertising strategy however is not uncommon. According to Julia B. Corbett â€Å" ‘green advertising’ has focused on ads that promote environmental sensitivity toward†¦ a corporate image of environmental sensitivity† (Corbett 148). The recent ad campaign may seen to be about Poland Spring’s new â€Å"Eco-Shaped† bottle, but it is really about diverting attention from the pollution the bottle generates to instead creating a pro-environmental view of the company and its product. The Eco-Shaped bottle by Poland Spring is marketed with a few selling points the company points out directly in their advertisement. The bottle uses â€Å"30% less plastic†, â€Å"less paper† and a â€Å"dye-free cap†. These improvements are  better for the environment then the original bottle used by Poland Spring. However the problem lies in the fact that the product is still harmful to the environment. Last time I checked less of a bad thing is still a bad thing. According a recent article by Hope Molinaro, the California Department of Conservation (CDOC) stated, â€Å"in California, more than a billion plastic water bottles wind up in the trash each year† and that total is only the amount of bottles in the state of California (Molinaro, 64). The total amount equates to 3 million empty water bottles per day disposed of in just one state (Molinaro, 64). That large amount of plastic has many detrimental effects to the environment. The materials used to make the bottles consist of a tremendous amount of resources and are difficult to dispose of if not recycled. There is an overwhelming amount of evidence to make the claim that a good portion of the plastic bottle waste generated in the United States is produced by the Poland Spring Company. Not only is the plastic filling our landfills, but there is evidence that the water bottle company is polluting its own town. According to a 2008 study of pollution demographics of Androscoggin County in Maine, where Poland Spring’s headquarters is located, the particulate matter is 62% higher there than the United States average (Unknown). It’s also 61% higher then the state of Maine’s average particulate matter found (Unknown). Particulate matter is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets. Particle pollution is made up of a number of components, including acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. Poland Spring’s advertisement does not show any of this particulate matter when depicting how green and lush the springs it gets its water from are. One aspect of the Poland Spring’s advertisement that I find different and contradictory to traditional green thinking is that in the ad the plastic Poland Spring water bottle, is shown in nature. Normally when a plastic water bottle is found laying in a field or any natural setting for that matter, it is viewed upon as pollution. In this ad the bottle is sitting in nature and is supposed to be appealing to the human eye. The bottle is shown in a way that it blends into the natural setting and tries to convince people that it almost belongs there, in the midst of nature; that the  unnatural belongs with the natural. It is easy to relate the bottle as being positive to the environment however as it blends in with the incredible sunrise in the background on a beautiful day with a clear sky. The bottle is featured sitting in a field where the growth of the field is doing outstanding and there is not one dead or even one imperfectly grown plant. The land is doing so well it is almost portrayed as being happy and at peace with a giant, unnatural, plastic water bottle sticking out of it. This scene does not just occur in the ad however as pollution is a huge issue when there is a â€Å"disposable† factor to the product. A second contradiction in the ad is that Poland Spring is a water bottle company whose ad features more lush, green field then the body of water in which their product comes from. The ad is trying to make the product fall into the American consumers mind as a green product hence the green field is more affective then a view of the lake or spring containing the water Poland Spring is selling. Poland Spring is really trying to hammer in the point that it’s product is green and eco-friendly, and the more green in the picture the more green the consumer sees. Contradiction number three this ad uses is the slogan that titles it. In the current green revolution sweeping across America the constant theme is doing more for the environment. Under Poland Springs fancy, flower-laden font reads the words â€Å"doing less†. This is a clear indication that Poland Spring is not being beneficial to the environment by saying they are â€Å"doing less† harm to the planet we live on. Over the serene sunset, over laying the clear blue sky, and lush green field, lies an admission of pollution and guilt by the company. Poland Spring’s methods however are not so uncommon in today’s advertising market. Many advertising campaigns are seen now featuring nature in one way or another and one of the more common ways to do this is through and advertisements backdrop. According to Julia B. Corbett, â€Å"Using nature merely as a backdrop whether in the form of wild animals, mountain vistas or sparkling rivers-is the most common use of the natural world in advertisements.† (Corbett 150) So when Poland Spring sets it’s water bottle in the green field, with little purple flowers swaying in the wind, the peaceful sunset over looking the bluest clear sky the world has to offer,  followed by beautiful green hills rolling off to the distance there is a purpose to it. The purpose according to Julia could be that the company is trying to promote a â€Å"corporate image of environmental responsibility.†(Corbett 148) This is very well one if not the main initiative of the advertisement and it is even so less of an advertisement as it is a rebuttal. Recently, as our country starts to become more â€Å"green† and environmentally aware, there has been some recent campaigns against the consumption of bottled water. One major campaign against bottled water has been â€Å"Think outside the bottle†. Even the mayor of Miami, Manny Diaz along with a dozen or so mayors, is calling on municipal governments to phase out bottled-water purchases in a resolution to be presented at the U.S. Mayors Conference (Barnes). Poland Spring is trying to distract the average consumer from believing the hype that the bottle are bad for the environment and tries to prove that they are doing something about it. Poland Spring’s advertisement is focusing on green aspects of its product and is trying to make the company appear to have a green initiative, however the Poland Spring’s target audience is not the hardcore environmentalist. Any person who puts some research into what they buy and cares about the environment is going to know that consumption of disposable plastic water bottles is not going to help the environment. The ad however does target the average consumer who does sort of care about the environment but does not research into what they consume. A consumer might see the recent anti-water bottle campaigns and generate a negative view of the disposable, plastic water bottles that Poland Spring sells. That is why Poland Spring’s ad was created in the first place, to turn the average consumer’s view of the water bottle and the Poland Spring Company from a negative one to a positive one. In times of environmental awareness that the United States is currently facing, many unenvironmentally friendly companies are finding it harder and harder to promote sales for their products. Poland Spring is no different in that respect but tries a different approach that is gaining in popularity, green advertising. Poland Spring uses nature to show a pristine and beautiful backdrop for their hazardous product. The ad is focusing on deterring the public’s view of Poland Spring from environmentally damaging  to environmentally caring. As shady and undermining the ad is to not only the people but the earth its self, the ad creates a pro-environmental image of a company that does not practice what is preaches. Works Cited Barnes, Tayler. â€Å"Anti Bottled Water Campaign Enlists Mayors to Cause.† Corporate Accountability International. Miami Herald. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Corbett, Julia B. †Faint†Green: Advertising and the Natural World.† Communicating Nature: How We Create and Understand Environmental Messages. Island, 2005. Web. Molinaro, Hope. â€Å"Plastic Water Bottles Go to Waste, Says Calif. Conservation Agency.† Plastics Engineering 59.7 (2003): 64-. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 7 Nov. 2011. Unknown. Poland Spring Pollution Indexes. Raw data. Androscoggin County. CLRSreach.com